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Voltage regulation options for powering onboard recording equipment from 14.4V to lower voltages

21 years old. Gear and prices may have changed since.

What the thread found

  • Switching regulators are more efficient than linear types, generating less heat and allowing higher maximum output with minimal weight penalty.
  • Linear regulators like the 7805 are inexpensive and compact but limited to around 1 amp output and generate significant heat when stepping down higher voltages at moderate currents.
  • A pass-transistor circuit using a standard 78xx series regulator combined with a power transistor like the TIP32 can increase current capacity while keeping costs under 5 dollars.
  • Switching regulators can induce interference in video signals, which can be mitigated with capacitors placed at the regulator output.
  • When using linear regulators at higher currents, adequate heat-sinking is essential as they must dissipate the voltage difference multiplied by the current as waste heat.
  • Switching regulators in plastic housings offer convenient mounting options compared to linear regulators requiring large heat sinks.
  • For applications requiring different voltage outputs from the same battery source, multiple regulator leads can be built with dropout occurring when battery voltage drops sufficiently below the desired output.
  • Pre-built adjustable DC-DC switching converters with ratings of 3 amps or higher are commercially available at reasonable cost from electronics suppliers.

Depends on

  • One reported case of video interference from a switching regulator powered from mains AC, but unclear if this applies to DC switching supplies.
  • Linear regulator approach reliability concerns mentioned for high-current applications typical in recording equipment.
  • Pass-transistor circuit design requires calculating resistor values based on specific device current draw; incorrect calculations could cause device damage or resistor failure.
  • Heat dissipation capability depends on ambient temperature and available natural airflow; high power applications may require active cooling in hot environments.
  • Ground isolation issues possible in certain vehicle power configurations when using metal heat sinks.
  • Warranty may be voided when using non-original power supplies on some equipment.
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